LIFE - Support for applicants (europa.eu) In the first 4 months of 2021, COVID-19 deaths represented 107% of the total 2020 figures. Strong business development professional with a PhD focused in Teaching Engineering with Games from Universidade de So Paulo. Faria, N. R. et al. Biochem. stream
We estimated a reduction of 1.31 years in e0 from 2019 to 2020 (Fig. (UHe&+IW6rQIG
nD!? Anne J. McNeil. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Article Here we report an open-loop recycling method for these materials that involves (i) decrosslinking via hydrolysis, (ii) an optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) functionalizing via Fischer esterification. Degrad. https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706 (2021). Moriguchi, T. & Arita, Y. ISPRA Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale The actual death toll is likely to be higher due to deficient surveillance, limited testing that prevented proper diagnosis, issues of compliance with protocols for reporting a suspected COVID-19 death and location of the death (for example, at home)1,2. Recent technologies for treatment and recycling of used disposable baby diapers. Li, Q. et al. The rate of chain scission during sonication is directly proportional to the amount of chain entanglement during sonication35. McNeill, I. C. & Sadeghi, S. M. T. Thermal stability and degradation mechanisms of poly(acrylic acid) and its salts: Part 1-poly(acrylic acid). 79, 22302244 (2001). ^c2/rML[,[gs] 3a). Barberia, L. G. & Gmez, E. J. endobj
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Researchers investigate what COVID-19 does to the heart. They might reduce access to and coverage of primary care and increase infant mortality and avoidable deaths. Hogan, A. et al. The state gap remained roughly the same for both e0 and e65 (Fig. Peter Bauer, Jonas Brugger, Martin Posch, Sven Drefahl, Matthew Wallace, Gunnar Andersson, Hctor Pifarr i Arolas, Enrique Acosta, Mikko Myrskyl, Ian F. Miller, Alexander D. Becker, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Stefano Amore, Emanuela Puppo, Giuseppe Liotta, Ariel Pablos-Mndez, Simone Villa, Richard Alan Cash, Megan ODriscoll, Gabriel Ribeiro Dos Santos, Henrik Salje, Nature Medicine Sci. The resulting polymers were isolated in ~97% yield (over the two steps). 1, 46 (2017). We assumed that those dying in a given month from any cause contributed, on average, 0.5/12 person-years, whereas the contribution of survivors was 1/12 person-years. The Guardian. Together, the United States and Brazil account for 28% of the worlds death toll and 59% of the death toll in the Americas. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal decomposition of super absorbent polymers. Mater. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT Nature & Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP) LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance 19 , 2021 We used death rates from all causes (including COVID-19) to calculate single-decrement life tables in 2019 and 2020. We showed that a largely unmitigated pandemic, in a context of local inequalities, resulted in a high and unequal mortality burden. Buss, L. F. et al. On. Created a powerful network of specialist vendors Key qualities and experiences: Project delivery of complicated, multi stream, long-term projects from inception to BAU Business process optimization. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Brazil does not lack a universal healthcare system, a network of community health agents to target vulnerable communities, sufficient data and a capable cadre of researchers tirelessly advancing knowledge and informing policy. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Previous studies used this approach to estimate life tables in the presence of COVID-19 (refs. Opening date: 13 July 2021 Deadline: 30 November 2021 Code: LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Programme: LIFE - Programme for the Environment and Climate Action Go to the call Objective To contribute to the protection of nature and biodiversity by: Supporting nature and biodiversity policy and legislation compliance assurance, and/or To probe the role of both solvent and substrate hydrophobicity, we used two different substrates (acetic versus undecanoic acid) and solvents (ethanol versus 2-ethylhexanol). #n$dA"yTtM nTv_J{Bf25X1E[B Y@V(//G0g4_fc_Cv;`& ,. Takaya, C. A. et al. Pract. 1). Al-Aly, Z., Xie, Y. This result suggests that most crosslinks had been hydrolyzed within 15h (Supplementary Fig. Fornof, A. R. et al. For example, high degrees of esterification were observed via 1H NMR spectroscopy when using only 5 equiv. We used several data sources to estimate the changes in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19 by state and sex in Brazil. Nature Communications (Nat Commun) Waste Manag. Ellen MacArthur Foundation. :X"."o:XKw$0/vvDvXK Barbosa, R. J., Souza, P. H. G. F. & Soares, S. S. D. Distribuio de Renda nos Anos 2010: uma dcada perdida para desigualdade e pobreza. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. volume27,pages 16291635 (2021)Cite this article. When intense shocks like a pandemic or war occur, life expectancy drops, but it often rebounds quickly. To obtain Nat Med 27, 16291635 (2021). Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil. 19, 36923706 (2017). Quantifying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through life expectancy losses: a population-level study of 29 countries. Woolf, S. H., Chapman, D. A., Sabo, R. T., Weinberger, D. M. & Hill, L. Excess deaths from COVID-19 and other causes, MarchApril 2020. In addition, D.I.C. a, Ratio of COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021 (JanuaryApril) to those reported in 2020 (%). Proc. Chazovachii, P.T., Somers, M.J., Robo, M.T. B Biol. 44, 11491154 (1979). In a previous paper, we described the spatiotemporal patterns of the spread of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Brazil18. y?UT=*b!k jV/d=ucKW|8pJ{XCz"Xb3lhUY?|4~'"nj(\9c XP9@p*;+dw. & Brooks, C. L. Adaptive landscape flattening accelerates sampling of alchemical space in multisite dynamics. As a consequence, there is an intrinsic, limiting molar mass for each polymer below which further chain scissions are unlikely to occur. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. We also calculated state inequalities in life expectancy, measured as the difference between the lowest and the highest state life expectancy, to assess changes due to COVID-19 (Methods). Due to these challenges, the focus has been on re-use of recovered materials, rather than recycling; for example, the recovered superabsorbent polymers have been explored for enhancing the water retention properties of soil21,22. of 2-ethylhexanol and H2SO4 as a catalyst (Fig. Third, for both 2020 and 2021, we calculated life tables based on the addition of COVID-19 mortality to the mortality pattern of 2019 (DT19). Defined and directed strategic marketing and go-to-market plans. . Science 372, 815821 (2021). Posta Elettronica Certificata (PEC): protocollo.ispra@ispra.legalmail.it, Kick-off meeting of the projet LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST, https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/en/news/kick-off-meeting-of-the-projet-life-2021-sap-nat-nature-turtlenest, https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/en/news/kick-off-meeting-of-the-projet-life-2021-sap-nat-nature-turtlenest/@@download/image/carretta.png. 5. Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/super-absorbent-polymer-market (20152020). ADS 4 0 obj
For both DT20 and DT19, after estimating the ratio of non-COVID-19 deaths to all-cause deaths, we then used this ratio to estimate the counterfactual life tables in which COVID-19 was eliminated and COVID-19 was included, respectively. Assuming that death rates would have been equal to 2019 all-cause rates in the absence of COVID-19, COVID-19 deaths in 2021 have already reduced e0 in 2021 by 1.8 years, which is slightly larger than the reduction estimated for 2020 under similar assumptions. However, in the presence of COVID-19, this assumption might not hold because deaths were unevenly distributed over the year. In January 2021, Manaus witnessed one of the most tragic scenarios of overwhelmed hospital capacity, running out of not only hospital beds but also oxygen22. https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448 (2020). Eng. 4b,c). Ultimately, inequality might become worse, exacerbating an already distressing scenario due to COVID-19. Manages sample collection and retention strategy. It is also the case that the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 could encompass secular changes unrelated to the pandemic. J. Macromol. Teikti paraik ia. In Latin America, at least four countries experienced secular mortality declines at earlier dates: Argentina, Uruguay, Costa Rica and Cuba9. Super absorbent polymer (SAP) marketGlobal industry analysis, size and forecast. Tang, H., Luan, Y., Yang, L. & Sun, H. A perspective on reversibility in controlled polymerization systems: recent progress and new opportunities. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Nature and Biodiversity SMART OUTCOME-BASED projects based on Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-Bound objectives for the implementation of EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation or Targets of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 2. Rev. Green. & Cameron, E. E. Suboptimal US response to COVID-19 despite robust capabilities and resources. Marques, N. P. et al. Between 1945 and 2020, e0 in Brazil increased from 45.5 years to 76.7 years10, an average of almost 5 months per calendar year. http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/ (2021). Castro, M.C., Gurzenda, S., Turra, C.M. Liang, L. et al. USA 118, e2019536118 (2021). projects in line with the objectives of the LIFE Nature and Biodiversity sub-programme but defined in the Call topic LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE are excluded. Among males, two states, Amazonas and Par, both in the North region, lost all that was gained over 2 decades (Fig. R. Soc. 4, 28912897 (2013). NaOH and mild heating (Fig. Following multiple decrement life table methods previously used to measure the effect of COVID-19 on life expectancy8,16,17, we calculated two additional sets of estimates of life expectancy decline: (1) the difference between 2020 life expectancy estimated above and a scenario in which COVID-19 mortality has been eliminated from 2020 (DT20; Supplementary Tables 3 and 4 and Methods); and (2) the difference between 2019 life expectancy estimated from 2019 death records and a scenario in which 2019 all-cause mortality has been inflated to include COVID-19 mortality (DT19; Supplementary Tables 5 and 6 and Methods). However, this process utilizes expensive solvents (dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide) and stoichiometric quantities of base (tetramethylguanidine), both of which would likely be too costly for large-scale recycling of waste superabsorbent materials. Child immunization was reduced, particularly among impoverished children in the North region29. 2b). To date, most diaper recycling efforts14 have focused on the cellulosic components, which can be biodegraded, incinerated to generate steam, pyrolyzed, or fermented to generate bioethanol15. Overall health conditions of individuals with diabetes worsened in 2020 due to reduced physical activity, postponement of medical appointments and interruption in regular drug treatment31. All the adhesives synthesized from PAAP&G fall within quadrant 3 and the central region (Fig. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. In this work, we report a mild and efficient synthetic route for open-loop recycling the acrylic-based superabsorbent material used in diapers. Before COVID-19, e0 in Brazil lagged behind many countries in Asia, Europe and the Americas. Second, COVID-19 disrupted primary care services in Brazil27. Phillips, T. Covid eruption in Brazils largest state leaves health workers begging for help. 39, 2737 (2020). Zekry, M., Nassar, I., Salim, H. & Abdallah, A. May 1998 - Jan 20012 years 9 months. a, Change (in years) in the femalemale gap in e0 and e65 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. (In contrast to this assumption, the potential dependence between COVID-19 and other causes might lead to modified probabilities of dying from other causes if COVID-19 were eliminated or added as a cause of death.) The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis outperformed the base-mediated hydrolysis by a factor of 10 on both global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. Thus, we estimated total deaths in 2021, inclusive of COVID-19 deaths, as \({\,}_nD_x = ({\,}_nK_x - \,_nD_x^{COV})({\,}_n^ \ast M_x) + \,_nD_x^{COV}\), where \({\,}_nD_x\) is the number of deaths estimated to occur in 2021 in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_nK_x\) is the population at risk in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_n^ \ast M_x\) are age-specific mortality rates in the absence of COVID-19 (assumed to be 2019 mortality rates); and \({\,}_nD_x^{COV}\) is the number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths. Across states, the largest declines were estimated for Amazonas (3.14 years), Amap (2.46 years) and Par (2.44 years). Hong, M. & Chen, E. Y.-X. Plots of weight-average molar mass (Mw) versus time and maximum specific energy (wmax) for sonicating PAAP&G at a 2.5% w/v and b 5.0% w/v. The synthetic polymer community created these impactful materials, and now, we must turn our attention towards technologies that facilitate their collection and recycling, to create a circular economy that is more sustainable7. Technical Assistance Projects (all subprogrammes): 22 September (5 p.m.). Article US Patent 9,321,868 B2 (April 26, 2016). xUmo@G9*R*S[u#>RejBG4aSgcwy2+`p3CJ)i J. Appl. C.M.T. Chem. Santos, M. C. et al. To determine whether the base-mediated or acid-catalyzed pathway was better, the two routes were compared using a cradle-to-product life cycle assessment (LCA, Supplementary Fig. WASHINGTON (AP) An ambitious and wide-ranging White House cybersecurity plan released Thursday calls for bolstering protections on critical sectors and making software companies legally liable. M.C.C. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE General Information Projects should fall under at least one of the two areas of intervention: Intervention area: "Space for Nature" Any project aimed at improving the condition of species or habitats through areabased conservation or restoration measures falls within the eligible scope of the intervention area . and N.G. Combined, these data indicate that open-loop recycling of the superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) to synthesize PSAs is both energetically and environmentally favorable compared to petroleum-derived syntheses in our assessment. For 2021, as the base case scenario, we calculated the number of deaths that would occur in the absence of COVID-19 (\({\,}_n^ \ast D_x\)). Estimated change in e0 (c) and e65 (d) in 2021. 15), producing the relatively small estimates of life expectancy decline. Rev. | Saiba mais sobre as conexes, experincia profissional, formao . When acetic acid was reacted with 2-ethylhexanol/water, we observed a 94% conversion. A facile and highly efficient strategy for esterification of poly(meth)acrylic acid with halogenated compounds at room temperature promoted by 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine. The authors declare no competing financial interests. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in The superstar forward is not taking anything for granted on her return to netball. Advancing sustainable materials management: 2017 fact sheet. PubMed Central M.C.C. Internet Explorer). M.C.C., S.G.K. Z. 2. We also estimated changes in e65 (Fig. Glacial acrylic acid (GAA), methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA). We removed 2,689 (0.20%) and 2,722 (0.18%) records in 2019 and 2020, respectively, that did not have information on sex and/or age. We have included these important steps in our life cycle assessments, however, our syntheses utilized the more readily accessible samples of superabsorbent polymer used to manufacture diapers at P&G. Brazils unified health system: the first 30 years and prospects for the future. Part B 52, 873896 (2013). Simes, C. C. S. Breve histrico do processo demogrfico. J. Phys. GetScriptingEngine End If If Not IsObject (connection) Then Set connection = application. Also, demographic projections did not account for the pandemic context and might have overestimated population size. In contrast, a common approach used in industry to convert acrylic acid into acrylate esters uses inexpensive alcohols as both the reagent and solvent39,40. Our results point to an overall widening of the femalemale gap in e0 of 0.6 years in Brazil (9.1% increase). Nature and Biodiversity ). Castro, M. C. et al. https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ (2020). Soc. 8,17). Al-Jabari, M., Abu Ghyadah, R. & Alokely, R. Recovery of hydrogel from baby diaper wastes and its application for enhancing soil irrigation management. JAMA 325, 808811 (2021). Although durability and strength are advantages of synthetic polymers, these properties are also responsible for their environmental persistence4,5,6. Therefore, efforts to introduce synergy between superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery and PSA production may provide much-needed demand for diaper recycling end-products, which in-turn may improve environmental performance for both processes on a large scale. Codice fiscale e Partita Iva 10125211002 . Lett. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature One salient example is the superabsorbent material used in diapers and feminine hygiene products, which contain crosslinked sodium polyacrylates. Under ultrasound, solvodynamic shear forces cleave polymer chains into shorter fragments while maintaining the polymers chemical identity. Collias, D. I. et al. quizlet cosmetology. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003). 75, 337345 (2002). Usually, the mid-year population is a good approximation of person-years lived during the year. Innovation Place, CONNECTING Lancet Glob. For 2019 and 2020, our estimates include deaths from all causes registered in the Mortality Information System. Numbers above 100 indicate more deaths in 2021 than 2020. Governors in that region imposed the most rigorous measures of physical distancing, in direct opposition to recommendations from the President14. ANDS is a $120M federally funded national infrastructure innovation project to exploit Australia's research data advantage. Article Changes in e0 can reflect differences in expected longevity between two periods, such as before versus during a pandemic.
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